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November 14, 2011

Finding the Right Fit in a Business School

Lots of angles (and curves) to measure

There's a lot of talk about finding the "right fit" when it comes to selecting a business school.  But as is the case with many words du jour, "fit" is often thrown around without much explanation of what it means.  What exactly is a "right fit," and how is this relevant to applying to b-school?

Self-knowledge is the secret

Fit is so popular that I've written about it myself , but more importantly so have some of the top business schools. Some schools are more specific than others, but the general message is more or less the same: Know yourself.  Understand the cultures of the schools to which you are applying.  Be able to explain exactly how you would strengthen these cultures.

Before you can even think about what schools fit you best, you have to really look at yourself.  You need to know yourself very, very well.  Your level of self-reflection will absolutely show through in your application, and helps admissions officers understand you and how you could fit into the life of their school.  Soojin Kwon Koh, Director of Admissions at Michigan’s Ross School of Business, writes in her blog, "Our ability to evaluate your fit with Ross depends on how well you know and tell us about yourself.”  So know thyself!

Common culture with the school

Rose Martinelli, then Associate Dean of Admissions at Chicago Booth, stressed the importance of fit in an admissions chat, “… it all boils down to fit. The ability of the applicant to communicate path and plan, and why Chicago is a good match for them professionally and personally.”  It’s not just about who you are at work.  It’s also about who you are as a son or daughter, friend, and community member.

Berkeley-Haas, in the “Essays” section of its admissions page, goes so far as to say that it seeks applicants “who demonstrate a strong cultural fit with our program and defining principles.”  This does not mean that everyone at Berkeley shares the same opinions and experiences—quite the opposite.  It does mean, however, that students at Haas share a common culture, as outlined in the school’s Defining Principles; students question the status quo, have confidence without attitude, are lifelong learners, and think beyond themselves.

While Stanford’s Graduate School of Business doesn’t explicitly mention “fit” or “match” on its website, it does outline its “Core Values”: intellectual engagement, respect, integrity, striving for “something great,” and owning your actions.  To be a good fit for Stanford, you need to be able to demonstrate your alignment with these values.

Cornell’s Johnson Graduate School of Management touches on fit in its third essay question, “What legacy would you hope to leave as a Johnson graduate?”  The question explains that “the adcom wants you to really evaluate what ‘fit’ means to you for Johnson.  ‘Fit’ is different for everyone, so we want to see how authentic and purposeful you are about applying.”

-- Researched and written with help from the great Alice Woodman-Russell

August 22, 2011

A Reminder: Answer the Question

With Round 1 deadlines a little over a month away, countless business school aspirants are staring at essay prompts taped to bathroom mirrors and refrigerator doors.  And I have three words of advice: Answer the question.  Advice so simple it barely seems worth mentioning.

At a recent school panel, a Yale School of Management admissions officer underscored just how much she and her colleagues pay attention to those answers. That’s because business schools craft their essay questions deliberately. They really do care. To put it in modern business jargon, a rep from UVA’s Darden School of Business encouraged audience members to “take ownership” of each school’s questions.  She’s right. Let them be a chance for earnest self-reflection; let them guide you through a process that not only gets you into business school, and leaves you with a deeper self-understanding regardless of the end result.

A lofty goal, and it’s a little too easy to get cynical, so try not to.  I’ve written about this subject beforebut it never gets old.  That’s because the questions are deceptively simple and designed to get you to answer the question behind the question.  You are given a prompt, for example, “Why do you want an MBA” (Harvard Business School, among dozens of others) . That’s pretty straightforward, so answer it.  You want to be as unambiguous as you can. I want to be an entrepreneur, or I want to change the way health care is delivered around the world, or I want to use private equity to support clean tech investments. There are as many answers are there are people applying, because your answer will be unique to you. But you have to do one thing: answer clearly, and preferably, answer up front. And don’t forget to answer the questions behind the question: why you?  Or, more precisely, what is it about you that puts the very special you at your computer writing an application to business school right here, right now.

Here’s another one that’s fun: “Why would you and your peers select you for admission, and what impact would you make as a member of the Kellogg community?” You can still be humble and compelling in your answer. Say, for example, you want to offer as one of your reasons that you will add to the classroom debate. Support the statement, just as you would in a business problem or a pitch for angel investor money. You might add to the debate because you were raised speaking three languages, or because you were one of 12 children, or because you are passionate about number theory. Whatever you decide to write about is up to you. But you have to frame your response so it answers the question, and support that response.

Finally, just a little admonishment from another one of the panelists at the outreach program last week. Resist the urge to force answers to one school’s essay questions into answers to another school’s questions.  The message to your evaluators is that you don’t care enough about the school or are too lazy to take the time to write a genuine, unique response.  I absolutely positively know for sure that you are not lazy, so be forewarned.

That’s all. Just remember that the writers of those questions write them that way because they wanted them answered. And remember, it’s no different from a business assignment. You’d answer your boss’ question, wouldn’t you?

December 20, 2010

Advice from Warren Buffett on, yes, MBA essays

Imagine this: an admissions interviewer has read hundreds of essays, maybe thousands, by eager students trying to gain admission to their school. Many of those essays are written by those who are fully qualified, but just put down a laundry list of their accomplishments, like a resume in prose.  And they will be dinged.

Admissions committee members spend a long time writing questions that they believe will bring out the best in a candidate.  They leave those questions deliberately open ended so that the student can write about whatever he or she wants, but there are some rules of engagement.  The first is to answer the question; something I’ve blogged about in the past.  Always worth remembering.

The second is to write in plain English, that is, English free of jargon. Most people think that those who speak English as a second language have a hard time writing essays. It’s true that those who haven’t grown up writing English may have to take more time and get a native speaker to proof their essays. But the most cringe-worthy essays are those written by students who have spoken only English all their lives, but write in stilted prose or gobbledygook.  Writers fall into passive so that nobody knows who is writing the essay, they let nouns become verbs (e.g., incentivize), or they use their limited word budget to educate the committee about some arcane subject. The reader is either bored silly or has no idea of the point of the essay!

Consider Your Audience

Plain English is simple, straightforward writing. You’d think it was only championed by high school English teachers everywhere, but one of Plain English’s greatest fans is one of the most influential investors in the world: Warren Buffett. Claiming that “stilted jargon and complex construction” often hinder good communication, Buffett may channeling the admissions officer when he writes, “I’ve been unable to decipher just what is being said or, worse yet, had to conclude that nothing was being said.”

Buffett is no comedian. His advice is sound.  His wisdom in writing his famed investment reports holds true for those writing an admissions essay: consider the audience.  Think of the person who is reading your words.  Not a blank admissions committee, but a specific person.  You may have even met that individual at an MBA outreach event, on a school tour, or an admissions panel.

She has a name (the reader is often, but not always, female), and wants you to win her over.

But don’t take my word for it.  Here’s what the “oracle of Omaha” says:

One unoriginal but useful tip: Write with a specific person in mind. When writing Berkshire Hathaway's annual report, I pretend that I'm talking to my sisters. I have no trouble picturing them: Though highly intelligent, they are not experts in accounting or finance. They will understand plain English, but jargon may puzzle them. My goal is simply to give them the information I would wish them to supply me if our positions were reversed. To succeed, I don't need to be Shakespeare; I must, though, have a sincere desire to inform. No siblings to write to? Borrow mine: Just begin with "Dear Doris and Bertie."

Actually, some of your readers may be experts in accounting and finance, but they are not experts in the subject of the essay, which is YOU.  It’s not dumbing down, it’s making your writing, and your story, accessible.

As for interesting…well, it’s about you isn’t it? How could it be otherwise?

October 18, 2010

Diana Prince, Peter Parker, Clark Kent and You

It’s been a few weeks since I have posted, and for that I apologize; the mad rush of applications for the first round of business school deadlines got the best of me. I’ve tried to encourage my applicants to start early (as I have recommended time and time again, for example, in this blog post , but that doesn’t necessarily mean that the applicant will end early. There’s nothing I can say to those who have already submitted except, good luck! I will cross my fingers and pray to the heavens for all of you.

So this part is for those who are going to apply in Round 2 or Round 3. (And yes, I do know several people at the very best schools who have been admitted in Round 3. I just learned of a case of someone who was admitted in Harvard Business School’s Round 3 for the following year, so there’s always a possibility).

NO Cookie Cutters
Still, I always learn something from going through an admissions cycle. This year I still found people having difficulty answering the question . Perhaps it is because of the tendency to cut and paste, students are still not reading the prompts in the questions to get it right. Other students tend to understate their small, but unique accomplishments. Most people are worried because they haven’t started their own company or won a Nobel Prize, but that’s not the problem.

One balmy Palo Alto September evening, a first-year student at the Stanford Graduate School of Business and I were trying to figure out the “secret sauce.” Indeed, in a class of 390 out of over 7000 applicants, how did they gather such a unique and interesting bunch? Her answer: “no cookie cutters.” And she may be right. Most of the people walking around that unique campus broke some kind of mold.

In some ways, the fix is in – if you are wildly atypical, and you have great grades and scores, then you will get a second look (and the rest is up to you to execute). But not everyone looks wildly unique. Kellogg even prompts the student to go into that unusual side. One of that school’s optional questions begins…. “People may be surprised to learn that I…..” I believe the spirit of that question is to get behind that Clark Kent, Peter Parker or Diana Prince.

The Question behind the Question
Some applications don’t ask the question so explicitly, for example, University of Chicago now allows you to literally fill in the blank. (Note, I like the explanation, “Knowing that there is not a right or even a preferred answer allows you to demonstrate to the committee your ability to navigate ambiguity and provide information that you believe will support your candidacy for Chicago Booth.”) NYU also offers the chance to show your suprising side, for example, their well-known personal expression essay.

All of these prompts are there so that you can answer that question behind the question, “What Makes You Special?” So, as you get ready to start drafting your answers – get a little crazy. You can always dial it back. I’ve always said that you want to get in touch with your Inner Rock Star.

Now’s your chance.

September 21, 2010

What have you learned from a mistake?

The MBA essay that asks about learning from a mistake scares almost everyone. This is a question that, in various forms, can be found on many applications, notably that of Harvard Business School.

For those of you who are petrified of writing the “mistake” essay, take heart: it is ok to make mistakes. Why? Because you learn from them.

MBA essay question writers are smart. They know that learning from a mistake is a good thing. In fact, if you make mistakes, and admit you make mistakes, you learn more.

Google the two words together “mistake” and “learning” and you get 20 million hits. Research shows that making mistakes is one of the best ways to get continuous feedback on your learning. Mistakes are well known to be a critical part of the learning process.

Learning from Giants
Imagine that: learning from mistakes – it seems like a backwards way to build confidence, but it works. For example, Michael Jordan didn’t even make the varsity team in high school after attending a summer basketball camp. But he learned from being corrected, and then repeated those corrections over and over. He got better— much better—by continually improving the weakest part of his game. In a powerful Nike ad on YouTube, you can watch his inspirational message:

I’ve missed more than 9,000 shots in my career.
I’ve lost almost 300 games.
Twenty-six times I’ve been trusted to take the game winning shot.
And missed.
I’ve failed over and over and over again in my life.
And that is why
I succeed.

How Do You Pick?
So , you might think, I’ve made so many mistakes, how can I pick just one? I suggest you back into it by picking something you have appreciated learning. For me, I appreciate having learned how to slow down and think. I’m not very good at it all the time, but I can relate tale after tale of putting my foot in my mouth because I wasn’t thinking of anything other than being witty or sassy, or having people be impressed with me. Some of my mistakes are cringe-worthy, but I’ve learned, slowly, and imperfectly, to pace myself.

Neither you nor I are Michael Jordan, but hey, we’re on our way.

August 31, 2010

Answer the Question

There are only a few real rules in writing. In fact, there are so few rules to good composition that the best-ever book on the subject, The Elements of Style, is only 105 pages and tucks tidily into a Kate Spade handbag.

In business writing, and especially in writing essays for business school applications, there’s one big rule above all else: Answer the Question.

Most of you reading this blog have written business memos – even if your boss hasn’t specifically asked you a question, you know there’s a question behind the assignment. For example, if you are working on a memo, or even a PowerPoint presentation on where to open a factory in China, the question is likely, “Where should Acme Company open a factory in China?” Your memo will answer the question, say, “Shenzhen” and then support that answer. In fact, the title of the memo or the PowerPoint might even be “Reasons for Opening a Factory in Shenzhen.” The rest of the document will support that answer. For example, “We should open a factory in Shenzhen because a)it has a special economic zone b)it has great infrastructure and c)it’s close to popular shipping routes.” I could be all wrong, but you get the idea.


No Beating Around the Bush

Business school essays are much like business memos. You are given a question, for example, “What is your career vision and why is this choice meaningful to you?” (Harvard Business School) -- it’s pretty straightforward, or here’s one that cuts right to the chase, “Why would you and your peers select you for admission, and what impact would you make as a member of the Kellogg community?” (Northwestern Kellogg). Remarkably, a lot of students are shy about coming right out and answering the question. What’s your career vision? Answer it: I want to be an entrepreneur, or I want to change the way health care is delivered around the world, or I want to use private equity to support clean tech investments. There are as many answers are there are people applying, because your answer will be unique to you. But you have to do one thing: answer clearly, and preferably, answer up front.
Also like with a business memo, you need to support the answer to the question. This is especially important with Kellogg’s style of “why should we pick you” question. Say, for example, you want to offer as one of your reasons that you will add to the classroom debate. You can support that statement the same way you would spell out support the argument for a factory in Shenzhen. You might say you add to the debate because you have a unique perspective from having been raised by wolves, or because you were an Olympic curling champion, or because you speak Esperanto. Or you might add to the debate because you are passionate about number theory. Whatever you decide to write about is up to you. But you have to frame your response so it answers the question, and support that response.

That’s all. Just remember that the writers of those questions write them that way because they wanted them answered. And remember, it’s no different from a business assignment. You’d answer your boss’ question, wouldn’t you?

April 5, 2010

The First MBA Tip: Start Early

Filed under: Application ideas — Tags: , , , , , , , — admin @ 4:58 pm

This is “acceptance” week – by now most people who applied to school by Round 2 have a pretty good idea where they are going to go. It’s been a long haul for some folks, longer and more complicated than most people realize.  So if you are thinking of applying in the coming year, now is the time to start planning.

There’s really no downside to starting your research now. This part is actually quite fun.  You get to surf the Internet and read websites, blogs, tweets, watch YouTube channels, figure out what mailing lists to get on… the list is endless.  The business school admissions process is getting increasingly transparent.  Admissions committee members blog, tweet, and get out on the road to tell potential students about the benefits of the MBA and the benefits of their own school. As a potential student, you are the beneficiary of all this social and traditional networking.

So why not start early?  I would recommend that you visit a campus while it is in session.  You want to sit in on a class, have lunch with students, and get the feel of a program. The only cost is time – but I like to think of it as an investment.  It’s such a personal decision, that you owe it to yourself to visit as many campuses as you can.  Your application will be so much richer for having met each school “in person.” Those visits will inform your thinking about business school, your career, and your overall future.

Then there is the GMAT, no small undertaking.  No matter how good a test taker you are, I would guess that you need to study twice as long as you think you should.  My friend Doug Barg, a master GMAT teacher at Kaplan, recommends that you study at least three months – and if you want to break into the 700s, he recommends about 114 hours.  How does he compute it?  Check out his classic blogpost here.  The more you study, the more confident you will feel. And the more genuinely confident you are, the better you’ll score.

It’s also good to think about courses to fill in any academic gaps. You don’t want to find yourself looking at your transcript mid-summer and realizing that you should have signed up for a statistics/calculus/accounting course last spring. And if your undergraduate record has been spotty, its especially important that you prove to yourself that you can work full time, study for the GMAT, and take an undergraduate course to prove that you know how to excel in a classroom.

Start With Your Brain
Now is a good time to start thinking about the essays.  Even if the schools change the specific questions, they are looking for ways you have demonstrated leadership.  Start thinking of the stories you will be telling about yourself.  Get your brain working on it.  Last July,  I wrote a blog post called “Start With Your Brain.”. You will open yourself up to creativity, you may bump into some new ideas you hadn’t thought you were capable of, or you might refine something that you’ve been mulling over for months.   Your brain is smarter than you even know. Give it the material to make you shine.

Remember, all you have to do is start exploring.  This is the fun part. Enjoy yourself!

November 24, 2009

More MBA Essay Tips: The Remarkable You

Filed under: Essays — Tags: , , , , , — admin @ 3:18 pm

About a week ago, I gave an MBA essay workshop to about 25 aspiring students and each one was remarkable.   I don’t think they all would have agreed with my statement until they saw it with their own eyes.

To start the evening off, we went around the room, and each person gave one true and one false statement about themselves.  You can guess how it turned out—everyone’s true statement was more interesting than their false statement.  One woman was an avid motorcyclist, another had been an NFL cheerleader, one guy was a professional poker player and another owned a spa.   I promise! I did not stack the deck.

These were amazing people who were humble enough to think they weren’t amazing.  Perhaps too humble?

In fact, many students I meet think they are just routine—if they are overachievers they tell me they have “cookie cutter” backgrounds for an MBA program, so they won’t stand out.  If they have an atypical background, they think that they are unqualified if they haven’t worked for McKinsey or Goldman Sachs.   Everyone thinks the other guy is the perfect applicant.

To make matters worse, many aspiring students read the sample essays in get-into-MBA-school guides and think that they haven’t achieved enough because they haven’t single-handedly saved the world from Somali pirates.

Here’s the deal: nearly everyone I meet is qualified to get into an excellent business school program, because they are all really dynamic, interesting people. That’s because each one of them has had a set of experiences different from anyone else’s and has influenced the world in their own special way.

One fellow I met had written a fairly boring set of essays about his work achievements.  I couldn’t find the passion.  We talked about his outside interests, and I had learned he was an avid skier.   Then I learned he been a member of the U.S. National Ski Patrol for a number of seasons.  I asked, “Did you ever save anyone’s life?” Of course he did, but he probably didn’t even know which life he saved.   He made a difference, that’s for sure. And he got into Harvard Business School.

Still, not everyone needs to write about life and death experiences.  It’s ok to write about running a road race even if you think everyone is writing about the IronMan Triathlon.  What if that road race is as big a challenge to you as a marathon might be to a more experienced runner? You set up your goals, you taught yourself to put one foot in front of another, and you did it. You don’t have to tell the admissions committee that you did it because you wanted to lose five pounds; it doesn’t matter.  What matters is that you set a goal and you met it.  Now that’s something to write about.

July 2, 2009

Start With Your Brain

Filed under: Application ideas — Tags: , , , , , , — admin @ 4:37 pm

Interested in business school? If so, now’s the time to start thinking about your application, even if you don’t want to apply until 2010. Sure, that’s a long way away, but sometimes really good ideas take a long time to hatch.

Please note—I wrote “thinking about your application.” I’m not one of those admissions consultants that say you have to be rigorous with your timeline: if it’s the third week in June then you must be half-way through the GMAT quant section. No, that’s not me.

What I do to suggest, though, is to start thinking about starting to think about business school. That’s not a typo. Start thinking about thinking.

By putting even a fragment of an idea into your head, you are inspiring your brain. And it’s your brain, that big mass of grey matter that nobody quite understands, that is going to get you into the school of your choice.

Indeed, it’s your brain, with a little push from that part of you that knows how to meet deadlines, that’s going to make your application stand out from a competitive pool.

I don’t want to scare anybody, but getting into business school is competitive. Kirsten Moss, Director of Admissions at Stanford’s Graduate School of Business, told me that applications there have risen 50% over the last three years. “The bar is getting higher,” she said.

To put yourself firmly in the running, start thinking about what the admissions committees want to know about you. They want to know about your career history, your goals, your achievements, and your character. So why not give your brain a little exercise, and let it mull over what you think you might want to say?

Here’s what turning it over to the brain can do for you (Part 1):

1. You can ponder

You’ve heard that some people get their best ideas in the shower, or while running, or even by mediating. Researchers at the University of British Columbia have found that daydreaming is a great tool for creativity. Think of these next few months—or years—as one long meditation session. But make sure you feed your brain the problem, for example, “What do I want to say about my brilliant career?” before heading off to that monastery in Tibet.

2. You open yourself up to new ideas

Have you ever had someone talk about something, say Uganda for example, and suddenly it’s everywhere? For awhile, everyone I knew was talking about Uganda. My brain was now alerted to Uganda and it started giving me ideas: maybe I should travel there and take a trek in the mountains. Maybe I should work with my friend who is supporting a microfinance project in Kampala, or another who is has just started a non-profit there to help reunite war-torn families there. I don’t know, but my brain is processing Uganda in a different way than it did before because now it’s on my radar.

If you read through the school websites early, explore the curricula, and start talking to current MBA students, you give yourself the chance to bump into some new concepts while you are doing your research. The more time you allow yourself to open yourself up to new experiences, the more you will be able to differentiate yourself.

3. You can brainstorm

Throw ideas out there. Go crazy with thoughts like “I’m going to take Digital Anthropology at Sloan” or “I’m going to apply to INCAE in Costa Rica because that way I can study sustainability up close” or even “I’m going to meet my girlfriend’s brother’s uncle’s neighbor who just graduated from Columbia and is excited about working in Mongolia next year.” That way you might discover something about a course of action or about yourself that you hadn’t even thought about before.

That’s all for this installment. I’ll be writing a column after July 4 (US Independence Day) to pick up on this idea of starting early. As for me, I started planning three years before I actually applied to business school. But that, as they say, is another story.

© 2008-2012 Betsy Massar, Master Admisisons, Berkeley, CA. All Rights Reserved.